The most I can come up with is two terms of a formal perturbation solution -- in powers of [$]\rho[$].
I'll suppose the spatial domain is the whole line and there is an initial function given at t=0, but no boundary conditions. If [$]\rho = 0[$], suppose the PDE solution to that initial value problem is [$]P_0(x,t)[$], a deterministic function.
Then,
[$] P(x,t) = P_0(x,t) + \rho \, P_1(x,t) + O(\rho^2)[$],
where [$]P_1(x,t) = \int_0^t \frac{1}{\sqrt{4 \pi D (t -s)}} \, e^{ - \frac{(x - Q(s))^2}{4 D (t -s)}} \, P_0(Q(s),s) \, ds [$].
How do I get that? There is a standard solution to the inhomogenous heat equation with an initial condition, partly found
here. At Wikipedia, the inhomogenous term (as it appears in the solution) is denoted [$]f(y,s)[$]. Just substitute
[$]f(y,s) = \rho \, P(y,s) \, \delta(y - Q(s)) = \rho \, P_0(y,s) \, \delta(y - Q(s)) + O(\rho^2)[$], and then use the Dirac delta to do the spatial integral wrt [$]dy[$] in the standard solution.
The solution at each (x,t) is a random function -- dependent upon the whole Brownian path from 0 to t. I suppose you could generate such paths via Monte Carlo, and then, for each path, do the integral above and get an answer. Each P(x,t), t > 0, will then have a probability distribution that you can (approximately) develop with the above.
There is also a literature on stochastic PDE's. Beyond knowing that there's a literature, that's all I know about SPDE's.