May 10th, 2005, 7:27 am
on cb arb: nowadays in europe pretty much 100% of recent CB issuance has been bought by arb accounts, with a few outright accounts having appeared relatively recently. nobody pretends that CBs are a normal capital markets instrument, issued to real money investors who like the risk profile. the bonds are specifically engineered for hedge funds, with features like dividend pass-thru to make cb arb less risky. sometimes they are issued with guaranteed stock borrow rates and as an arb package including the short stock position! what kind of an "investment" is that?if you think about what is happening it seems crazy. here is the picture up until early 2004: there is a large pool of cb arb hedge funds with capital they need to deploy (after cb arbs took loads of credit risk in 2003 they made money and so investors piled into cb arb due to "historical returns"), and so companies borrow money by issuing CBs to hedge funds who pretty much buy them at fair value or maybe just below. hedge funds charge per-annum management fees and performance fees, and get bad funding rates from prime brokers, who make good money in this game. so companies are ultimately borrowing money from people who invest in CB arb hedge funds, but with massive amounts of friction (fees) in the process. now, at least in europe, there are no longer any accounting or tax advantages to issuing cbs, so the new issue pipeline is going dry. some companies have even repurchased their CBs and replaced them with straight debt to avoid the upcoming accounting headaches (they have to actually account for the conversion option they are short).now cb arbs have had terrible returns (no surprise) and want to lighten up their positions so they can move into other strategies. but they can't! if they sell bonds in any significant size, they will massacre their mark to market. recent price action has been telling: instead of following index vol, CB implied vol has not gone up. if anyone tries to mark up the CBs, their bid gets hit, as so many people want out. it is not a pretty picture.the situation in the US may not be as bad as it is here in europe, where a LOT more than 10% of outstanding issuance is held by cb arbs!