April 26th, 2014, 10:48 pm
Maybe instead of forcing lenders to take more risk, QE forces borrowers to take less risk.Let's simplify with an economy that consists of a single productive enterprise, let's say a farm. Its investors will consist of equity holders, debt holders, and a special super-secured kind of low-risk investors, the government. The government pays its coupons as treasury bonds, and its claims survive any kind of business failure or temporary default. So the farm produces three different kinds of investment opportunities.Now suppose the government leaves, in this case because it is doing its own little inside thing with the central bank (and let's ignore they can still take from investors and employees by competing with them as consumers with printed money). We are left with only two types of investments, risky debt, and risky equity. To continue to serve the same population of investors, the farm will want to take less risk, meaning reduce upside to equity, in order to create debt with less risk, to better serve the zero-risk investors.So instead of planting, let's say, 1/2 tomatoes and 1/2 peaches, they will plant 1/3 potatoes, 1/3 tomatoes, and 1/3 peaches. The potatoes aren't very exciting. But they are almost guaranteed to produce some income stream, even if the tomatoes and peaches fail, leaving the junior investors empty-handed. So it will look like risk-free investors are taking more risk. But in fact the farm is taking less risk, and producing less growth investments.In one theory, the farm is supposed to increase its production by 50%, producing 1/2 peaches, 1/2 tomatoes, and open up a new field to produce an equal portion of potatoes in addition to holding its existing production steady. But another theory says some inputs, such as land, cannot instantly be increased by 50%. So tomato and peach production must be reduced some, let's say 25% if land can only be increased 25%.In one theory, labor demand would still rise 25% in this scenario. But in another theory, it may be that potatoes are less labor intensive. Or potatoes offer fewer opportunities for making salads and pies, so labor needs are reduced elsewhere. Or potatoes are not a growth industry, so the growth is reduced by 25%, and the number of additional workers needed each year does not rise as fast, in fact 25% slower.