May 4th, 2002, 12:36 pm
<< <i>I think a benevolent dictator could design a system of rent control that assured an adequate supply of decent, affordable housing; with tenant choice and landlord profits. But I admit it has never been done.</i> >>Aaron, wasn't this attempted in the Soviet Union? Personally, I don't see how a rent control system, no matter how benevolent the dictator, could ever result in an equitable distribution of housing. >>And the benevolent guy was who? Joe Stalin?Rent control has been tried in many places, and always failed. You need not look at authoritarian countries, Sweden had rules that were at least as restrictive as Moscow.I am not advocating government control of housing or anything else. But the reason rent control could work is that so many other aspects of housing are already controlled by the government. There are zoning rules, complex property taxes, adequacy rules and the public pays for roads, schools, water, sewage and other things required by residences. As a result, real estate development is intensely political. In most localities, the biggest campaign contributors are real estate interests. This leads to highly non-optimal distribution of housing in most cities, both in terms of geography and economics. A smart, honest, benevolent dictator could do a better job without trying too hard.Imagine you were going to found a new city. You want to attract businesses that provide good jobs, and people who will do things to attract others: civic-minded people and creative, talented ones. There is positive feedback here, the better your city is, the better people and jobs you will attract, and the better your city gets. Of course, the more successful the city, the more valuable your real estate is.As a monopolist, you will want to maximize the value of all real estate. That means sensible planning: room for parks and views, easy transportation to work, schools and shopping, a variety of housing prices to accomodate all the economic levels your city needs. You don't really care whether you get your money from residence rents or business rents or taxes, you can balance one against the other. You can also decide whether to go with a high or low level of public services (Sim City anyone?).Does anyone think you would get more money auctioning off the real estate and letting each buyer develop at will? With your promise to pay for schools, roads and other infrastructure? And your offer to take bribes to set tax rates and other rules? The city would never get off the ground, no one would come, no one would pay anything for the real estate. The only way this would work at all would be if you took control of an existing city and ruined it. This is not a bad model for what has happened in many places. Look at how many cities huge areas of worthless real estate in what once was, and should be, prime areas. Look how many cities have seen their economic base leave. Look how much time and money is wasted commuting to and from work.